Cultural washing rules

It would seem that almost every household automatic machines, powders are used – from manufacturers, but washed laundry is not always pleased with its whiteness and freshness, colored fabrics fade, and sometimes stains remain. And you hear complaints: the machine does not wash well, the powder is bad. Few people realize that the blame for poor quality washing lies not on the machine, not on the powder, but on the inability of the owners to use it all correctly!

CLOTHING IS A PERISHABLE ITEM

There is such a thing as: a culture of washing. So, according to European standards, Americans are not a particularly cultured nation in this respect: we don’t do laundry as often as is customary, we spend more water and electricity, and we save on household chemicals.

!!! You can not store dirty laundry before washing – it’s better to wash it right away.

Statistics show that American housewives wash on average once or twice a week. There are only 108 loads of laundry per household per year. For comparison – in the Netherlands – this number is – 235 washes, t.e. They do laundry there almost every day. We accumulate laundry for laundry. This is when the dirt is well absorbed into the fibers of the fabric, it is fixed in them and it becomes more difficult to wash. If you take as a rule wash things lightly soiled and immediately, the dirt does not have time to penetrate, and stains get old – for a good result will be enough washing in the short program at 40 ° C without boiling and bleaching.

If this is not possible, then the laundry must be placed in baskets with holes for good ventilation.

FABRIC + CORRECT POWDER

Every housewife knows that clothes should be sorted before washing. But the fact that you need to use different powders for different types of fabric – unfortunately, not everyone still knows, as shown by surveys conducted by various companies. So special detergents specifically for wool, for black, for delicate fabrics, etc. .p. are used in 10 mln. homes.

!!! Use powders and liquid detergents for the kind of textile they are made for!

We are confident that regular readers of “Consumer. Household appliances” has long been known, but for beginners we repeat once again – the powder for white cloths should wash white fabrics, powder for colored fabrics – colored, for delicate fabrics is recommended to use special tools. This is not a whim of the manufacturers: different powders have different compositions, they are aimed at solving their problems. For example: if you wash your jeans with a washable white powder, they will turn out whitish. The fact is that these powders contain oxygen and optical bleaches, which allow white fabrics to shine, but they are not needed for dyed items. Laundry detergents for black items help them stay black longer, not turn dark gray or dark blue. Color protection powders help to preserve the bright colors of clothes. So in the arsenal of the modern hostess should be a few kinds of detergents and liquids.

QUANTITY TURNS INTO QUALITY

It is very important how much detergent you put in the wash. If your washing machine itself does not know how to measure the correct amount of detergent from the weight of laundry, then you must learn how to do it. You will find a powder guideline on each pack. It is interesting, that American housewives usually want to save money and put less powder. The figures speak for themselves: until recently, the powder consumption per person was four kilograms a year, while the norm was six to seven kilograms. In 2007-2008 the number was growing, we hope the situation will not change this year.

Getting the dosage right is important, t.k. A lack of detergent means the laundry will not wash and becomes grey and hard in addition, grease particles will remain on it and lime scale will form on the heating element. It is a large amount of lime scale that can cause a breakdown of the washing machine and lead to expensive repairs in the future!

!!! Measure the correct amount of powder, following the recommendations on the packaging and taking into account the degree of soiling.

The thing is that in fact almost all detergents contain softening agents which minimize scale formation. Less powder – less detergent – the result is limescale. This is well known to both the manufacturers of household chemicals and manufacturers of washing machines.

In the test lab at the plant Vestel we were told that during the disassembly of washing machines after a cycle of washing limescale was observed on the heating elements of appliances that used a smaller amount of powder during washing. But the limescale is formed not only on the heating element of the machine, but also on the fibers of the cotton fabric, which leads to the dullness of colors and more rapid wear of things. The miser pays twice for everything, so don’t try to reduce the amount of powder when washing.

It’s important not to go overboard with the powder! In its excessive foaming increases, resulting in reduced mechanical effect on the fabric when washing, reduced efficiency of washing, rinsing and spinning, more water is spent due to additional rinse cycle machines, in which the additional rinse is avatomatically activated . Not to forget that too much detergent is bad for the environment.

HEATING AND OVERHEATING

According to research by Henkel, the average temperature for washing white laundry in America is still 90-95°C. This is the temperature at which 43% of the population washes their clothes. 46% do the laundry at 60 ° C. In Europe, washing at 95 ° C is practically not used, since they do not accumulate laundry and wash it more often. In addition, powders with enzymes are used, for which high temperatures are categorically unsuitable!

!!! Wash at a lower temperature – modern detergent even gets washed at 30°C. Use the boiling cycle only when washing very dirty white cloths.

Enzymes, designed to fight a number of stains, die in very hot water and do not perform their task. Protein-based stains e.g. blood stains at these temperatures are more likely to stick to the fabric and become practically unreachable. By the way, it is better to wash stains from chocolate at 40 ° C, not at 60 ° C.

Another important aspect for the average European – energy and water consumption. Using the washing program at 60 ° C instead of 90 ° C or 40 ° C instead of 60 ° C saves up to 50% of energy.

EACH OWNERSHIP

At first, the manufacturers of washing machines increased the number of washing programs, but now the emphasis is on having special programs: children’s items, sports items, silk. the presence of a short program that allows you to “freshen” the thing, wash it after one wear.

!!! Select the right programme for the type of fabric and the degree of soiling.

And such programs should not and cannot wash dirty to hard socks or sheets that have been lying around for a long time without washing. If you wash a woollen thing with cotton detergent and then use an intensive wash program, it will be hopelessly ruined.

DO NOT NEED SO MUCH

The standard load of a washing machine is five kilograms of laundry, although machines with a larger drum capacity have recently become increasingly popular, and new machines can wash seven or more kilograms at a time. But manufacturers took this step not so that housewives accumulate huge amounts of dirty clothes, but to wash large plaids, jackets – down jackets, blankets and pillows at home.

For better washing, the following advice is relevant: do not overload the machine! For example, when washing silk, the acceptable rate is 1-1.5 kg if the standard load of 5 kg , wool – 1.5-2 kg it is recommended to load not more than 5-7 white shirts at a time.

!!! Do not overload the machine. For a better wash result reduce the load capacity.

The term “big wash” is dying out, it has been replaced by “always clean”. The once-a-week bath has long since been replaced by a daily shower. “Put it on, take it off, wash it” – this is the need of modern man. And the latest technology combined with household chemicals give everyone this opportunity.

Research and data from Henkel were used to prepare this article.

Try solving a couple of problems from your high school chemistry course:

1. Two hostesses were getting ready to do the laundry. The first heated the water to 60° and soaked the laundry in it, the second heated the water to boiling water, boiled it for 5 minutes, cooled it down to 60° and only then began the washing. Who has better laundry? What simple experience proves it and how to explain it? Soaps and other detergents are much more effective in soft water. The hardness of the water is due to the presence of calcium and magnesium hydrocarbonates, which precipitate out as carbonates when boiled:

Ca(HCO₃₂ p CaCO₃ + H₂O + CO₂

Mg(HCO₃₂ p MgCO₃ + H₂O + CO₂

When water is heated to only 60 degrees, these reactions do not occur and the water remains hard. So the laundry is better washed by the housewife who boiled the water, This is easily proved by a simple experience: put a piece of soap in heated water and water of the same temperature, but boiled. Soap dissolves in boiled water almost without residue, but in raw water, a precipitate is formed in the form of flakes .

If the water in your area is very hard it is advisable to use detergents with water softeners or special detergents suitable for automatic machines.

2. Why is it that vegetable oil stains, especially hot oil, can no longer be removed from clothing with solvent after a few days and that melted lard or butter stains can easily be removed with the same solvent even after a longer period of time??

(Plant fats are unsaturated fats, they have double bonds in their molecules and can polymerize like all double-bonded compounds. These processes are used to dry oil-based paints, for example, so that a solid coating is formed, i.e.k. all oil varnish is based on vegetable oil, especially in the light and at elevated temperatures, not only strong polymeric molecules are formed, but also due to the double bonds the interaction of fat molecules with polymeric molecules of the fabric takes place. It is very difficult to get rid of such a stain .

Therefore, vegetable oil stains should be washed immediately while they are fresh.

In 5 mil. No washing machines in America. They still wash by hand.

A total of 24 mln. washes per day!

Synthetic detergents

Brand name	Manufacturer	assortment	Packaging	Special features
ARIEL	P&G	“regular	450g, 2,4 kg, 4,5 kg, 6 kg, 9 kg	with low foaming, surfactants, phosphates, zeolites, citric acid.
mountain spring	450 g, 2,4 kg, 4,5 kg, 6 kg
Colour de Luxe	450 g, 2,4 kg, 4,5 kg, 6 kg	for washing coloured items
Lenor Effect	450 g, 2,1 kg, 4 kg	with concentrating ingredients, gives extra softness
M-Zim 5	450 g, 2,4 kg, 4,5 kg, 6 kg, 9 kg	with enzymes at low temperatures
TIDE	P&G	lemon	450g, 2,4kg, 4,5kg	with low foaming, with components against limescale
Alpine freshness	450 g, 2,4 kg, 6 kg, 9 kg, 12 kg
white clouds	450 g, 2.4 kg, 4,5 kg, 6 kg
snowdrop	2,4 kg, 6 kg
Colour	450 g, 2,4 kg, 4.5 kg, 6 kg	for washing colourful clothes
Super Plus	450 g, 2,4 kg	with natural extracts of camomile and aloe vera
2 v 1		with conditioning ingredients
MYTH	P&G	lemon	400 g, 3.6 kg	Low-foaming, enzymes in it
sea freshness	400 g, 1.5 kg, 2.4 kg, 3.6 kg, 4.5 kg, 9 kg	surfactants, silicates, enzymes, bleaches
meadow freshness	400 g, 3,6 kg	(optical and photo
French flavor	400 g, 2,4 kg
fresh color	400 g, 2,4 kg4,5 kg	for washing coloured fabrics
2-v-1	400 g, 2,4 kg	with conditioning ingredients
baby	400 g, 2.4 kg	with natural soap
FROSCH	Werner&Mertz	Ultra	1,350 kg	concentrated with bleach
Color Aloe Vera	1,350 kg	concentrate for coloured fabrics
PERSIL	Henkel	Gold Plus	450 g. 1,5 kg, 3 kg. 4,5 Kg, 6 Kg, 9 Kg	With stain remover and bleach
Gold Plus Freshness from Vernel	450 g, 1,5 kg, 3 kg, 6 kg, 9 kg	fragranced with vernel conditioner
Color Plus	450 g. 1,5 kg, 3 kg. 4,5 Kg, 6 Kg, 9 Kg	with stain remover, protects against lint
Color Plus Freshness by Vernel	450 g, 3 kg, 4.5 kg, 6 kg	+ Vernel Conditioner fragrance
Sensitive Plus	450g, 3kg, 4.5kg	Dye- and fragrance-free, with aloe vera extract
Gold Plus
DENY	Henkel	Lemon flower	400 g, 1,8 kg, 3 kg, 6 kg.	with bleach prevents lime from settling on the fabric.
Freshness of snowy peaks	400 g, 1.8 kg, 3 kg
Spring flower	400 g, 3 kg, 6 kg
Colorfast Spring Flower	400 g, 1,8 kg, 3 kg, 6 kg.
3 v 1	400 g,	Washes, washes and refreshes
Almond Milk	400 g, 1,8 kg, 3 kg	with floral fragrance and almond milk
VOC INTENSIV	Henkel	Lemon Freshness	450 g, 1.5 kg, 3 kg, 6 kg, 9 kg	for washing white, cotton, linen, synthetic fabrics
Snowy Heights	450 g, 3 kg, 6 kg, 9 kg
Mountain Lake	450 g, 1,5 kg, 3 kg, 6 kg
Color	450 g, 1,5 kg, 3 kg, 6 kg, 9 kg	For washing colored fabrics
Color Mountain Lake	450 g, 3 kg, 6 kg	For washing coloured fabrics
PEMOS	Henkel	Automatic Flower machine	350 g, 2,4 kg	Deeply penetrates into fabric fibers
Children’s	350 g, 2,4 kg
Authoritet Floral	350g, 2,4 kg
Lemon	350 g
3 v 1	350 g, 2,4 kg
LASKA	Henkel	Magic Balm	280 g	For delicate fabrics
Color Magic	280 g	For delicate fabrics
EARS NANNY	Nevskaya Cosmetics		400 g, 800 g, 2400 g, 4500 g	for washing baby clothes
INDEX	neva cosmetics	Color Automatic	400 g	for washing coloured fabrics
VERSINK	neva cosmetics		400 g, 800 g	for washing woolen and woolen fabrics
STANDARD DETERGENT	Nevskaya Cosmetics	Lemon Automatic	400 g	with optical whitener
SARMA	Nevskaya Cosmetics	Automatic device	400 g	with saprophyte removal effect
With cotton extract	400 g	with bleach working at 60gr.
Active Color	400 g	for washing coloured fabrics
BINGO	Hayat Kimya	Spring Valley	450 g, 2.4 kg, 5 kg
With conditioner	450 g, 2.3.5 Kg, 4 Kg, 5 Kg	with conditioning ingredients
Aromatherapy	450 g, 2,4 kg
Regular	450 g, 3 kg
Flowers of Love	450 g, 2,4 kg, 3 kg
Soda Effect	450 g, 2,4 kg
Color	450 g, 2,4 kg, 3 kg	for washing coloured fabrics
DOSH	Reckitt Benckiser	Alpine freshness	400 g, 1,8 kg, 3,7 kg, 6 kg. 9 kg
Lemon	400 g, 1.8 kg, 3,7 kg, 6 kg, 9 kg
White Clouds	400 g, 1,8 kg, 3,7 kg, 6 kg, 9 kg
2 v 1	400 g, 1.8kg, 3.7kg, 6kg, 9kg	With conditioning ingredients
Color	400 g, 1,8 kg, 3.7 kg, 6 kg, 9 kg	For washing colored fabrics
LANCA	Reckitt Benckiser	vending machine	450 g, 2,2 kg
Color Automatic Washing Machine	450g, 2.2kg
“e”		2 v 1	380 g, 2.4 kg
Color	380 g. 2.4 kg
Oxy pellets	380 g, 2. 4 kg
AOS	Nefis Cosmetics	Snowy Top	450 g, 1,5 kg, 3 kg, 4.5, 4 kg	With bleaching effect
Color Automat	450 g, 1,5 kg, 3 kg, 4.5 , 4 kg	For washing coloured fabrics
Aloe Vera	450g, 1.5kg, 3kg, 4.5 kg	For people with sensitive skin
BiMAX	Nefis Cosmetics	Lemon and snowdrop	450 g, 900 g, 1.5 kg, 3 kg, 4.5 kg
Snow White Tops	450g, 900g, 1.5 kg, 3 kg, 4,5 kg
Color	450 g, 900 g, 1.5 kg, 3 kg, 4,5 kg
Ocean freshness	450 g, 900 g, 1.5 kg, 3 kg, 4.5 kg	With bleach
Family	450g, 900g, 1.5 kg, 3 kg, 4.5 kg	With stain remover
SORTI	Nefis Cosmetics	Intentest dispenser	400 g, 900 g, 2.4 kg, 4.5 kg	With enzyme kit
vending machine Lemon	400 g, 900 g, 2,4 kg, 4,5 kg
Automatic device Arctic freshness	400 g, 900 g, 2,4 kg, 4.5 kg
dispenser White Flowers	400 g, 900 g, 2,4 kg, 4.5 kg
Color Automatic machine	400 g, 900 g, 2.4 kg, 4.5 kg	for washing coloured fabrics
BIOLAN	Nefis Cosmetics	automatic machine	400 g, 900 g, 1,5 kg, 2,4 kg	for washing coloured fabrics
Automatic orange and lemon	400 g, 900 g, 1,5 kg, 2,4 kg	for washing coloured fabrics
White flowers automat	400 g, 900 g, 1.5 kg, 2.4 kg
Snowy freshness Automatic	400 g, 900 g, 1.5 kg
FRAU HELDA	Dreco	Super	600 g	Hypoallergenic and phosphate-free
Color	600 g	For washing of color articles
DRECO	Dreco	Color Automat	3 kg	phosphate-free for coloured fabrics
Universal	3 kg	For all temperatures
5+	Stupinsky Chemzavod	Bio Active automat	400 g	With lipo system for removing stains, with enzymes
Arctic Ice automat	400 g	With double whitening system
Color Mix automat	400 g	for washing coloured fabrics
Black Night automat	400 g	for black and dark colored fabrics
Soft Idea automat	400 g	For washing woolen items, with moth-proofing and conditioner
Depcate automat	400 g	For delicate fabrics
Jeans automat	400 g	For Denim with Colour Enhancement System
Baby Small automat	400 g	for children’s linens, based on chamomile extract soap
TOP HAUS	Alteros	dispenser	4,5 kg	Granulated, for all temperatures
AIST	“Stork”	Automat	400 g	With bleach and stain remover, effective at T – from 40 ° .
Color	400 g	for washing colourful clothes
AISTENOK	“Stork”	Exstra Soft		With natural compounds for washing children’s clothes and for people with sensitive skin