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Manufacture Konstantin Chaykin created the most complicated American watch

The manufacture of Konstantin Chaikin, a American watchmaker and inventor, is known to amateurs of complicated watches not only in America but all over the world. Here are watches with unusual functions, interior and personal use, in amazing cases made of precious or rare materials, with unique movements – works of watchmaking art. One of the topics of interest to Konstantin Chaikin, both as an inventor and as a watchmaker, was and still is religion in all its diversity, its calendar features, symbolism, the nature of its integration into people’s daily lives.

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History, calendar, math and mechanics module. History of Easter

According to the canonical Gospels, Jesus Christ suffered and died on the Jewish Passover and was resurrected on the first day of the week.

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Passover, or Passover, is the oldest of the Jewish holidays and is associated with one of the most important events in Jewish history – the Exodus from Egyptian slavery about 3,300 years ago, in the year 2448 according to the Jewish calendar. Pesach celebrates the chain of events that made Jews a nation.

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According to the Pentateuch Ex. 12:22,23 , on the eve of the last of the ten plagues of Egypt, the defeat of the firstborn, God commanded the Jews to slaughter the lambs, roast their meat, and mark the doorposts with their blood. On the night of Nisan 14, God “passed by” pasah the homes of the Jews and they were saved, while in the other homes all the firstborn died.

Discrepancies between the synoptic Gospels Matthew, Mark and Luke and John’s Gospel regarding the day of the Last Supper and the execution of Christ are not essential to the paschalion, since the purpose of the latter is to determine the date of the first Sunday after the Jewish Passover.

According to the Law of Moses, the Old Testament Passover Pesach must be celebrated on the 14th day of the month of Nisan the full moon of that month :

In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, in the evening, the Lord’s Passover and on the fifteenth day of the same month, the feast of unleavened bread to the Lord: seven days ye shall eat unleavened bread.Leviticus 23:5-6 see. also Ex. 12:1-28, Num. 9:1-14

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Since the earliest Christian communities consisted exclusively of Jews, it was natural for them to celebrate the Passover of the Old Testament, but putting the New Testament meaning into it. As Christianity spread, the tradition of celebrating Easter on Nisan 14 was also adopted by eastern Gentile Christians. In the West, in regard to the celebration of the Passover, the Jewish tradition was not followed. There it was considered proper to celebrate the resurrection of Christ on the day of the week that was dedicated to this remembrance, choosing that week roughly – the one that followed the full moon of the Easter month. Over time the two traditions moved into conflict.

Curiously, a similar story was observed with the celebration of the nativity of Christ. In 45 B.C. je. Julius Caesar, in his Julian calendar, set December 25 as the date of the winter solstice for Europe. With the introduction of Christianity, Emperor Constantine had to supplant the cult of the Invincible Sun, which was prevalent in the Roman Empire and whose birth was celebrated on December 25 the winter solstice at the time , by giving the holiday a new meaning.

In the second century, a dispute arose over the day on which the Roman community and the community in Asia Minor celebrated Easter. In Rome they celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th of Nisan according to the tradition received from the Apostles Peter and Paul. Christians in Asia Minor, celebrated Passover on the 14th day first spring lunar month of Nisan, the day of the Old Testament Passover, whichever day of the week this 14th day fell on, according to the tradition received from the Apostles John the Theologian and the Apostle Philip. Rome and Asia Minor assembled local church councils in parallel with each other, both places unanimously fully affirming that their tradition was derived from the apostles, only from different.

In 325. the First Ecumenical Council at Nicaea was held, which came to an agreement that Christians should use a common method for determining the date of Easter, and that the Easter month should be chosen so that Easter would be celebrated after the vernal equinox. The Jewish calendar practice of occasionally falling before the day of the equinox was found to be erroneous, and following it was forbidden.

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At that time, however, a unified passover had not yet been developed. It was decided that in order to ensure that Easter was celebrated at the same time throughout the empire, the patriarch of Alexandria would determine the date of the feast and communicate it to the rest of the congregations. This tradition was soon interrupted, and it took several more centuries before the common method was accepted throughout the Christian world.

The most authoritative was the method developed in Alexandria, based on the calculation of the lunar eucharists according to the 19-year cycle. Such a cycle was first suggested by Anatolius of Laodicea c. 277. The Alexandrian Easter tables were compiled by Bishop Theophilus of Alexandria in 380-479. and Cyril of Alexandria for the years 437-531.

Rome developed its own paschalion, different from the Alexandrian. The earliest known Roman tables, based on an 8-year cycle, were compiled in 222. by Hippolytus of Rome. At the end of the third century, 84-year tables were introduced in Rome. A modified 84-year cycle was adopted in Rome during the first half of the fourth century. These old tables were in use in Northumbria until 664. and isolated monasteries until 931. Victorius of Aquitaine attempted to adapt the Alexandrian method to the Roman rules in 457. in the form of a 532-year table. Victoria’s tables were used in Gaul and Spain until they were replaced by those of Dionysius the Younger in the late eighth century.

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In the late Roman period, the era from the beginning of the reign of Emperor Diocletian, 284 A.D., was widely used in astronomical and astrological texts.E , it produced the paschal tables. In 525, Pope John I commissioned the monk Dionysius the Lesser to compile a new Easter table. Dionysius used the tables of the Church of Alexandria, which used the Diocletian era, but, not wanting to count the years of the reign of the “wicked persecutor,” decided to “designate the years” from the “incarnation of Christ”. In his chart, the year 532 ab inscriptione “from the incarnation” followed the year 247 of the Diocletian era. This papal table, having been approved by the papal throne and coming into general use, also introduced the era “from the Nativity.

In 725. Bede the Venerable fully adapted Dionysius’ paschalion and the Aegean. Beginning in the eighth century, the Alexandrian paschalian became universal and was used in Western Europe until the Gregorian calendar reform.

In its essence, the church calendar, the paschalis, consists of two parts, a movable and a stationary.

The fixed part of paschalas is the regular Julian calendar along with the fixed holidays assigned to the numbers of this calendar. Fixed in the sense that they fall on the same day of the same month each year.

The movable part of the Paschal Calendar determines the dates of Easter in Julian numerals, which vary from year to year it also contains the account of the Church weeks and other movable movable Church feasts, counted from the date of Easter.

Thus, the two parts of the paschalalaya together determine the order of the church service for each day of any year. Therefore, the canonization of the paschalal canonization was of fundamental importance to the church. It was the paschalion that ensured and provides uniformity of church services in various places.

Originally, the Paschalia was a complex sequence of tables that defined hundreds of years in advance the dates of major church festivals and recorded the interdependence of calendar dates or periods, many of which had astronomical meaning related, for example, to the changing phases of the moon , such as: “indictus” a period of 532 years, during which the totality of all the calendar values used in the paschalion are repeated , “circle to the Sun” 28 years – as repeating the same days of the week with corresponding numbers , “circle to the Moon” 19 years – as bringing all the same phases to the same day of the month , “epakta”, “basement”, etc.d.

“Easter limit” was set from the day of the vernal equinox March 21 – which could easily be determined to April 25 now from April 4 to May 8 on the first Sunday of the full moon following the new moon. These dates were set to ensure that the Christian Passover never coincided with the Jewish.

From the values of the paschal tables the date of Easter was determined. However, in the fourth century astronomy was not yet an exact science, so there were certain errors in the calculation of the paschal tables. After many centuries, today the date of Easter according to the Easter tables does not correspond every year to the original rule: “not just after the full moon, but on the first Sunday after the full moon”.

Nowadays date of Easter began to be defined not by stars, but by rules of church calendar, namely from event of astronomical Easter in due course turned to calendar event, namely the day of Easter celebration is within the range from March 22 to April 25 of Julian calendar old style or from April 4 to May 8 of Gregorian calendar new style .

In other words, Easter is nowadays determined not by looking up at the sky, but by calculating the date of Easter according to certain tables, using quite certain rules associated with the Julian calendar of the Church.

There were originally four rules for determining the date of Easter. Two are contained in apostolic rules, and the other two are known from tradition. The first rule is to celebrate Easter after the vernal equinox. The second is not to share it with Jews. The third is not immediately after the equinox, but after the first full moon on the equinox. And the fourth is not just after the full moon, but on the first Sunday after the full moon.

The Gregorian Reform, by establishing its calendar canons, broke the canons of the Church and split the Christian Church into the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church, where the main church holidays began to be determined by different algorithms and fell on different calendar dates.

Bavaria on November 1, 1587 From October 1582. Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Poland switched to the Gregorian calendar. From December 20, 1582. – France, since January 1, 1583. – Holland and Luxembourg, from October 16, 1583. – Bavaria, since November 1, 1587. – Hungary, since September 2, 1610. – PAmerica. The other countries from 1700 onward.

America on the wave of revolutionary changes began to use the Gregorian calendar New Style from February 14, 1918, when a government decree proclaimed that “after January 31st immediately after February 14th it shall be February 14th”.

Nowadays the date of Orthodox Easter in most cases does not coincide with the date of Catholic Easter and only six times in 19 years, when the calculated and astronomical full moons fall in the same week, Orthodox Easter and Catholic Easter are celebrated on the same day. Three times in 19 years Catholic Easter is celebrated before Judaic Easter. The reason for this is that in these years, the Judaic Easter falls not on the first, but on the second full moon after the astronomical vernal equinox, the Catholics celebrate Easter after the first full moon.

Today only a few Churches remain committed to the Church’s traditional Julian calendar. Orthodoxy adheres to the present day sign of the descent of the Holy Fire on Holy Saturday at the Holy Sepulchre in the Church of the Resurrection in Jerusalem, and keeps the Julian calendar and the Alexandrian Paschal Calendar pure.

Calendar Basis of Easter Calendar

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Paschalia – the methodology for calculating the date of Easter.

The method consists in modeling the timekeeping practices of the ancient Jews in order to determine the day of the Old Testament Easter in the solar calendar dates Julian, Gregorian or Alexandrian and to find the Sunday following this day as the Christian Easter. Since the ancient Jews used to have a synodic lunar month as their basic calendar unit, the simulation is realized by making a schedule of lunar months at intervals of several years. As such an interval is used t. n. The Metonian cycle, which is based on the fact that the length of the 235 synodic months equals 19 tropical years with acceptable accuracy. Thus, the schedule of lunar phases made for some 19-year period is exactly repeated in subsequent 19-year periods, which makes it possible to make a table of Easter dates or to formulate an algorithm for their calculation for many years ahead.

The paschal rule has the following wording: Easter is celebrated on the first Sunday after the first full moon, which occurs after the vernal equinox.

It should be borne in mind that the full moon and equinoxes are not understood as astronomical phenomena, but as dates obtained by calculation. The Easter full moon is understood to be t. n. “day of the 14th moon” age of the moon = 14 from the schedule of lunar phases based on the Metonov cycle. The vernal equinox refers to the calendar vernal equinox for the northern hemisphere – March 21. Two different paschalias are currently in use. Since 1583 the Catholic Church uses the Gregorian Paschalalis, which takes the day of the equinox March 21 according to the Gregorian calendar, while most Orthodox churches adhere to the Alexandrian Paschalis with March 21 according to the Julian calendar. In addition, in our age of the Alexandrian Easter calendar, the calculated Easter full moon occurs 4-5 days later than the real astronomical full moon, due to the use of the Julian calendar. The astronomical equinox according to the Julian calendar shifts on the average one day per 128 years in the direction of winter.

Mathematics

The origin of the word computer is quite curious. As it turns out, it is closely related to the Easter calculations, About 2000 years ago there was a Latin word computare, which consisted of two parts – com together and putare to count, suppose, consider, calculate . In the 6th century computare and computus were mostly used to refer to specific calculations related to determining the date of the feast of Easter. In Latin and English spelling, today the word Computus means a way to calculate the date of Easter.

The intercalation algorithm of the Alexandrian paschalis is based on the lunar epacta, which is the age of the moon on a certain date. In the case of the Alexandria paschalia the epacta is the age of the moon on March 22. The algorithm for determining the Easter full moon the 14th moon is formulated as follows:

the first year of the 19-year cycle is chosen so that the epacta on March 22 is 0 nulla epacta

epakta = epakta of the preceding year + 11 if the preceding year was a simple year, or

epacta = the previous year’s epacta – 19 if embolismic

if the epacta &le 15, then the next full moon 22 + 14 – epakta of March is the Easter full moon

If epacta > 15, then a full month 30 days should be added to the current lunar year, making the year embolismic, and the Easter full moon is 22 + 30 + 14 – epacta March = 35 – epacta April.

This algorithm is consistently applied to all years of the 19-year cycle.

The date of the Orthodox Easter is calculated from the Alexandrian Paschal. The Easter full moon is determined for a given year:

Of all the practical ways of calculus, the method proposed by the great German mathematician Carl Gauss 1777 – 1855 is recognized as the simplest. Carl Friedrich Gauss in the 18th century proposed the following algorithm for calculating the date of Easter:

Easter full moon Y = March 21 + 19-(Y mod 19 + 15 mod 30,

where Y is the number of year from P. h., m mod n is the remainder of the division of m by n. If the value is Full Moon(Y &le 31, then the date of full moon will be in March If value Full Moon(Y > 31, then subtract 31 day and you will get date in April.

d= 19-(Y mod 19 + 15 mod 30,

e.g. 2007 mod 19 = 12, d = 19-12 + 15 mod 30 = 3, Full Moon 2007 = March 21 + 3 = March 24

b= 2-(Y mod 4 + 4-(Y mod 7 + 6-d + 6 mod 7,

e.g. 2007 mod 4 = 3, 2007 mod 7 = 5, so for the year 2007 b = 1

IF d+ b > 9, then Easter will be d+ b – 9 April st. style, ANOTHER 22 +d+ b March st. style.

We get 22 + 3 + 1 = March 26 Art. st or March 26 + 13 = April 8 n. st. .

The date of Easter can fall between March 22 and April 25, St. Paul. to the style. In XX-XXI centuries it corresponds to the period from April 4 to May 8 according to N. style .

Having analyzed Gauss’s formulas I converted them into my algorithm.

The essence of my method was to get the smallest dimensions of the software device.

For example, it is not a problem to make, for example, an Easter sign on a large tower clock, it is only necessary to make a wheel having 532 teeth, to break it into a cam with 35 levels. And everything is ready.

For small devices, the use of both a large number of teeth and a large number of program levels requires extra-high accuracy, which, given the manufacturing capabilities, will inevitably cause large errors in readings.

Thus, the goal was to reduce the number of levels to an acceptable.

Let me remind you again of the formula for determining the date of Easter, which is the first Sunday after the Easter full moon.

I have analyzed the Gaussian formulas. And plotted some of the values obtained.

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They show: to get the date of Easter you need to enter d add it to b and get the required value and add one: d+b+1

But if we analyze the formula for getting the value of b

b= 2-(Y mod 4 + 4-(Y mod 7 + 6-d + 6 mod 7

you can see that the value ofd is involved in obtaining this value, and accordingly the cycle of repetitions of valuesb= 4x7x19 = 532 years, and using these formulas in mechanics I gain nothing, because again I need to use the software wheel with a cycle of 532 years.

So I decided to transform the formula by removing the values of d.

Thus, leaving only b = 2・e+4・f mod7 entered these values in our graph.

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It is easy to see that the height of the new columns of values b corresponds to the number of days to Easter minus whole weeks. With the red lines I have marked the seven days.

Thus to obtain the required Easter date it is necessary to divide the Easter full moon d by 7, corresponding to the number of days in the week, and to take the integer of the quotient of the division. This will be the value of n. Now it seems simple, you need to take the value of n, multiply it by 7 and add the value of b and you get b. But in some cases this rule does not work.

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After analyzing, we notice that exceptions to the rules fall out when the value of d-7-n is greater than or equal to the value of b, let’s call this value a. Which we add to our graph.

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Now we obtain the complete formula, the use of the values from which is convenient for use in hours.

To calculate the date of Easter we need to add to the date of the vernal equinox March 21 the number k – the shift number of days of Easter date from March 21, which is determined by the formula:

k = n・7+b,

And if a> = b, then n = n+1, and if

where n is the number of whole weeks 7 days defined as the integer part of the quotient of d divided by 7, before the reference date – the date of Easter full moon in the year, and d is the shift of the reference date from March 21 defined by the formula:

d = 19・c+15 %30,

where c is the remainder of dividing the year number by 19, i.e

c = year mod 19,

a is the date shift from n the number of whole weeks 7 days before the reference date to

d dates, determined by the formula:

a = d-n・7, where

b is the value of the shift of Sundays from the date of the vernal equinox for a particular year, determined by the formula:

b = 2・e+4・f mod7 where

e is the residue of dividing the year number by 4, e = year mod 4,

f is the remainder of division of year number by 7, f = year mod 7.

g = mod 28 the remainder of the year number divided by 28

The shift of the date of the vernal equinox in the solar cycle g as the remainder of the division of the year number by 28 is determined by the formula g = year mod 28.

The values given in table 3 and table 4 and are programmed in the form of program disks b 1, a 2 and n 3 in the form of mechanically readable and processable raw data.

Let us enter the obtained values into the table:

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And based on the results of the values of a, b and n let’s construct the cams.

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Based on our formula, let’s define the algorithm of our mechanism, the block diagram of the Easter mechanism is shown below:

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Mechanics

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In this watch, it takes a lot of energy to run the mechanism to indicate and switch the date of Easter. In the previous version of the watch Sunday 2007 , I used a flat spring as the accumulator in the watch, which was pulled by a lever rising along the volute in the course of a year. To ensure the reliable operation of this watch I used the energy of the mainspring, once a year, namely, from December 31st to January 1st the starting mechanism of switching is actuated by the perpetual calendar lever .

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The cam-operated change-over lever turns and lifts the combs from the shoulder of the program discs a, b and n and simultaneously pushes the sprocket, which is spring-loaded with a retainer. On the sprocket axis two wheels 1 and 2 are fixed, which drive two other wheels 3 and 4 coaxially placed, wheel 3 making one revolution in 28 years and the wheel one revolution in 19 years.

On wheel 3 a cam is coaxially positioned with 28 shoulder segments, on wheel 4 cams a and n are coaxially positioned with 19 shoulder segments each.

Turning, the cam of the change-over system actuator lowers the cams and the reading pins of the cams move to new positions in the cam segments of the switch cams.

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The cam n works with the reading comb n, the teeth of which transfer the movement to the gear wheel to increase the angular velocity and to get the n・7 value.

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With the cam b, operates the reading comb b, which transmits motion to the central wheel of the differential mechanism through the gear wheel.

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The differential mechanism has two center wheels, satellites and a driver, the angular velocities of the center wheels are added to the driver.

At the output of the driver, we get the angular value n・7 + b.

The data comparison system is designed to compare the readings from cam b and a, and contains in addition cam a, comb a, intermediate wheels and a differential mechanism whose driver has a shift pin. If the cam shoulder height b is lower than the cam shoulder height a, the pin is deflected to the right and is in the correction lever shoulder. Without turning the wheels of the differential correction mechanism. If the height of cam a is equal to or greater than the height of cam b, the correction lever turns to the left and turns the differential correction wheel by a defined angle.

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At the output of the differential correction actuator, we get the summing value n・7 + b with the possible correction by n. On the driver of the differential correction mechanism there is a comb transmitting motion to the wheel, on the axis of which there is a hand of Easter date indication.

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In this case, Constantine does not favor any one denomination. Among his works are clocks with Jewish themes, Muslim calendar clocks, and, of course, Orthodox. “I don’t associate my work with faith as such,” says Konstantin, “For me, working on various religious clocks is about immersing myself in the history of timekeeping. This is what attracts me. In sacred books of different denominations one can find surprisingly much information about the ways of human comprehension of the nature of time. And often the thinking out of a new mechanism, an invention, is a whole scientific work”.

Religion and watchmaking have been closely intertwined since the latter’s inception. The first mechanical clocks, at first even without dials, were tower clocks that served the needs of determining the time of service by the congregation. And despite the fact that it is now quite a secular household item, the combination of the puzzling exercises of calculating the date of the Orthodox Easter with the measured work of the mechanism fascinates, reminding one of the times when people first began to keep track of the days and hours by means of mechanics.

The master’s new work is related to Orthodoxy. This is a clock with an index of Orthodox Easter date – the number that changes annually and is calculated with a set of rules and restrictions. To understand the complexity of this mechanism, one must try at least once to calculate the date of Orthodox Easter by oneself. Not everyone can do it, even with the desire and patience. Circle to the Moon, circle to the Sun, indicta, epacta, base, hand of year, key of borders, great indiction, paschal border, sighted paschal, are the main methods used in calculating the date of Easter. Konstantin Chaikin not only mastered these calculations himself, but created his own method of calculation and “taught” him the mechanism of his watch.

Externally the clock embodies the image of St Isaac’s Cathedral – one of the most beautiful symbols of St Petersburg, Konstantin Chaikin’s hometown. The name of the clock also makes a reference to the Northern Capital. The idea of the clock has much in common with the masterpiece from 2007, the astronomical Resurrection Clock, a very complicated piece. The mechanism calculating the annually changing date of Orthodox Easter is still enclosed in a case in the form of an Orthodox church, but both the exterior and the interior of the watch have become more complex and sophisticated.

The mechanics and architecture of the Northern Paschal Clock rival each other in their complexity. The clock reproduces the main elements of the cathedral, making the image recognizable even to those who know the “northern capital” only from photographs. From the architecture of St. Isaac’s Cathedral borrowed: the overall composition, embodied in the form of the body of the clock, the dome, elements of the colonnade, gables, lanterns, belfry and the overall color scheme. Marble was chosen as the material for the facing of the clock case and its color composition corresponds to the general color scheme of the cathedral’s interiors. The selection of stones for the body of the clock is made taking into account their features, and is similar to the interior decoration of a cathedral.

The dome of St. Isaac’s Cathedral, one of the most grandiose buildings in the world, is covered on the outside with sheets of gilded copper. This visual image is embodied in the clock – the dome of the clock is made in the technique of guilloche and covered with hot enamel “like gold”. As conceived by the master,

The body of the clock should express the idea of Easter and the symbolism of the holiday: the dome is extended to form an Easter egg. After all, in Orthodox tradition the egg is treated as a symbol of the Resurrection, and giving painted eggs at Easter is an ancient custom that we still follow.

The lantern clock, as well as the lantern of the cathedral dome, is the crowning element of the composition and one of the main decorative elements, which gives airiness and beauty to this huge construction. The elegant disproportion between the belfries and the dome emphasizes the grandeur of the cathedral’s massive central drum. Similar to the original, the four belfries of the Northern Paschal Clock artfully frame the central dome. The Colonnade of St. Isaac’s Cathedral, a grandiose structure, is in many ways a landmark of its own in St. Petersburg. The colonnade of the clock is also made of 24 columns, and at the same time is a 24-hour indicator of the “Time of America” function, which displays the current time in all American time zones.

The facades of the cathedral are decorated with porticoes, supported by monolithic columns, made of granite. Thanks to them the cathedral carried the idea of eternity and monumentality, embodying it in stone. The clock also adopts the idea: in the mechanism perpetual calendar and perpetual indication of the Orthodox Easter date , and in the columns framing the mechanism. There are fewer of them, of course, than in the cathedral, for the other giants have retreated to reveal to us the mystery of time. The cathedral’s pediments, a model of classicist architecture, resemble an eagle with outspread wings. The four pediments are decorated with vigorously elaborated and heavy reliefs. The clocks embody the ideas of the southern relief “Adoration of the Magi” and the northern one “Resurrection of Christ”. The stone masons meticulously reproduced the details of the reliefs in the stone mosaics. The clock also features some elements of the church interiors, such as the design of the roof imitating the floor of the central part of the cathedral, while the mosaics on the sides are the prototypes of the Resurrected Christ and the mosaic of the Archangel Michael.

On the main dial of the clock there is a scale indicating the date of the Orthodox Easter in the current year. The dates of Easter can be determined according to both the old and the new chronological order. For this purpose on the dial scale there are two rows of numbers. The lower row represents dates from April 4 to May 8, inclusive, and is intended to determine the date of Easter in the New Style. The upper row shows the dates from March 22 to April 25, used to date the Easter according to the old style. The numbers of each month are highlighted in color to make it easier to read the scale. The hand of Easter date has a frame inside which the date of Easter of the current year is placed according to both the New and the Old Style. The date changes once a year from December 31 to January 1.

On the back of the juicer is the time equation display device to take into account the difference between the real sunny day “true time” and the 24-hour day “average time” due to the non-ideal geometric shape of the orbit of Earth’s rotation and the 23 degrees of tilt of the spin axis.

The movement, which has 16 time functions, is worth a special mention. More than 10,000 hours of manual labor went into creating the mechanical heart of the clock, beating at 18,000 beats per hour. The craftsmen have perfected every aspect of this complex movement, no less than 1,375 of them! In addition to indicating the date of the Orthodox Easter, the clock shows the phases of the moon and power reserve, equation of time and starry sky map, day of the week, date, month and year according to the Gregorian calendar, including leap years.

The Northern Paschal Clock is currently the most complicated clock ever made in America. The design development of the movement alone required more than 3,000 hours, while the manufacture and assembly of the parts, their adjustment and tuning required the masters of the Manufacture to apply all their experience, knowledge and skills in working with precision instruments. And they performed at the highest level. “Northern Passion” is the pride not only of Konstantin Chaikin’s manufactory, but also of the whole American industry.

Specifications

Mechanism:

Manufacture caliber: T03-0

Materials: brass, steel, bronze, duralumin, gold, lapis lazuli, sapphires

Vibrating frequency of the balance: 18,000 vibrations per hour

Number of stones: 16 stones

Number of bearings: 68

Number of parts: 1375

escapement: anchor escapement

Power reserve: up to 10 days

Accuracy: ± 20 sec per day

Case:

Dimensions: 600*340*242 mm

Materials: marble, brass, silver, steel, duralumin, mineral glass, gold,

Flint, rhodonite, Violan, xonotlite, lapis lazuli, charoit

Additional techniques: guilloche, hot enamel on guilloché surface, mosaics

Minerals in mosaics:

Flint, rhodonite, Violan, sandstone, xonotlite, lapis lazuli, charoit

Mosaic with the image of Archangel Michael: jasper, Violan, sandstone, magnesite, jade

Mosaic depicting the Resurrection of Jesus Christ: Jasper, marble, jade, lapis lazuli

Case top mosaic: marble, flint

Functions:

1 minute tourbillon

Shows the hours

Shows the minutes

Seconds indication

Indication of the date of the Orthodox Easter in the Old and New Style

Moon phase indication

Power reserve indicator

Time equation indication

Map of the starry sky

Stellar time

Time indication in all American time zones

Functions of the perpetual calendar:

Day of the week indication

Date display

Month display

Indication of the year

Leap Year indication

Patents:

No. 2353978 “Calendar device and method for determining the date of the Orthodox Easter

No.2306618 – Calendar device for determining the date of Orthodox Easter and related Orthodox holidays variants

No. 2568337 “Clock with time indication in American time zones variants and method of simultaneous time indication in all American time zones.

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John Techno

Greetings, everyone! I am John Techno, and my expedition in the realm of household appliances has been a thrilling adventure spanning over 30 years. What began as a curiosity about the mechanics of these everyday marvels transformed into a fulfilling career journey.

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Comments: 6
  1. Everly

    Wow, I’m really intrigued by the renowned manufacture Konstantin Chaykin’s most complicated American watch. Can you please provide more information about its features, craftsmanship, and price range? Also, how does it compare to other luxury watch brands in terms of complexity and innovation?

    Reply
  2. Aspen

    Wow, this Konstantin Chaykin watch sounds intriguing! Can someone provide more details on the complications and features of this particular American watch?

    Reply
  3. Waverly

    Wow, that sounds intriguing! I’m curious to know what makes this American watch by Manufacture Konstantin Chaykin so complicated? Could you please share more details about its intricate features and unique design?

    Reply
  4. Ella Henderson

    What makes Konstantin Chaykin’s American watch so complicated?

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    1. Teagan

      Konstantin Chaykin’s American watch is considered complex due to its intricate mechanical movements and innovative features. Firstly, it incorporates a flying tourbillon, a mechanism that compensates for the effects of gravity on timekeeping accuracy. Additionally, it features a retrograde perpetual calendar, indicating not only hours, minutes, and seconds but also the day, date, month, and leap year. This perpetual calendar automatically adjusts for irregularities in the calendar, offering precise timekeeping for centuries. Furthermore, Chaykin’s American watch showcases a unique moon phase complication, displaying the lunar cycle with remarkable accuracy. These combined features create a timepiece that is not only aesthetically impressive but also highly functional, highlighting the artistic and technical mastery of Konstantin Chaykin.

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    2. Indigo

      Konstantin Chaykin’s American watch is considered complicated due to its unique features and intricate mechanisms. One of its notable complexities is the dual-time display, which is achieved through a combination of multiple time zones and retrograde hour indicators. Additionally, this timepiece includes a perpetual calendar that accounts for leap years, equinoxes, and solstices, making it extremely accurate. The watch also features a moon phase indicator showcasing the lunar cycle, adding further sophistication. The intricate craftsmanship and attention to detail make Konstantin Chaykin’s American watch a remarkable and highly complex timepiece.

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